Urinary and blood test consists in quantifing biomarkers reflecting the functionality of the kidney (creatinine, Glomerular filtration rate…). They are performed at different frequency according to standardized guidelines :

• 2–3 times weekly for the first month after transplantation
• 1–2 times weekly for months 2–3
• Every 2–4 weeks for months 4–6
• Every 4–6 weeks for months 6–12
• 3–6 monthly thereafter

Pharmacodynamic of the anti-rejection drug is assessed according to standardized guidelines :

• 2–3 times weekly for the first month after transplantation
• 1–2 times weekly for months 2–3
• Every 2–4 weeks for months 4–6
• Every 4–6 weeks for months 6–12
• 3–6 monthly thereafter

Kidney biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnostic of kidney graft rejection.

This analysis consists in quantifying, at cellular level, kidney lesions and analyzing immune cells and anti-HLA antibodies infiltrating the kidney graft

Solid kidney biopsy is performed at least one time during the first year (screening biopsy) and for each suspicious urinary & blood tests (up to 2-3 biopsies for patients facing a kidney biopsies)